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Chapter 1: History

• Cosmetology: Art of beautifying and improving the skin, nails, and hair.
• Nail technology: Art and science of beautifying and improving the nails and skin of the hands and feet.

Ice Age

• ·         Earliest form of personal beauty that was practiced.
• ·         Implements that were used were shaped from flints, oyster shells, or bone. Hide and Sinew were used as hair ties or adornment.
• ·         Pigments were made from roots, berries, tree bark, nuts, herbs, leaves, minerals, insects, and other materials.

Egyptians

• ·         First to cultivate beauty in an extravagant fashion: used cosmetics as part of their personal beautification habits, religious ceremonies, and preparing burial for the deceased.
• ·         Used henna to stain hair and nails a rich, warm red.
• ·         Both ancient Egypt and the Roman Empire commanders stained their nails and lips before battles.
• ·         Queen Nefertiti used henna paste to stain her nails a deep red, wore lavish make up designs, and used custom blended oils for scent.
• ·         Queen Cleopatra preferred rust red nail hue, built factory next to the Dead Sea.

Chinese

• ·         Shang Dynasty: rubbed mixture to turn nails crimson or ebony.
• ·         Chou Dynasty: gold and silver nails were for royalty

Greeks

• ·         Lavish use of perfume, cosmetics in religious rites, grooming, and for medicinal purposes.
• ·         Built elaborate baths and developed excellent methods of dressing the hair, caring for skin and nails.
• ·         Women used white lead powder on face, kohl on eyes, and ground cinnabar on cheeks and lips.

Romans

• ·         Plautus, “Women without paint – food without salt”

Middle Ages

• ·         Towering headdresses, intricate hairstyles.
• ·         Colored make up only on cheeks and lips.

Renaissance

• ·         Elaborate clothing, perfumes used but make up looked down upon; “au natural”.
• ·         Still manicured nails as nail cleaners and ear scoops were found.

Victorian

• ·         Used beauty masks made from honey, eggs, milk, ect.
• ·         Bit lips, pinched cheeks, tinted nails with red oil.

Review Questions

1.       1. What were the origins of persona beautification?

Personal beautification originated around the world as early as the Ice Age.

2.      2.  Name the advancements made in nail technology during the twentieth and early twenty first centuries.

20^th:  

·         UV Gel popularity increased

·         Nail industry increased

·         Polish and enhancement increased

·         More career choices

21^st

·         Improved UV Gel

·         Improved polish resistant and lasts up to 2 weeks

·         Foot and hand treatments cont. growth

3.    3. List some of the career opportunities available to licensed nail technicians.

Manufacturer/distributor, freelance technician, instructor, product market or salon, spa, medical office/spa.