CN5

Chapter 5: Infection Control

OSHA: Occupational Safety and Health Administration created to regulate and enforce safety and health standards to protect employees in workplace.
MSDS: Material Safety Data Sheet required for product awareness
EPA: Environmental Protection Agency registers all disinfectants(bactericidal, fungicidal, virucidal)

Bacteria
Nonpathogenic - saprophyte
Can reproduce 16.5 million in a day

Pathogenic Types:
Cocci - round shape bacteria that appear alone or in groups
     Staphylococci - pus forming that grow in clusters like grapes. Causes abscesses. pustules, and boils.
     Streptococci - Pus forming arranged in curved lines. Cause strep throat and blood poisoning.
     Diplococci - Spherical bacteria that grows in pairs. Causes ex. pneumonia
Bacilli - short rod shaped. Most common and cause tetanus(lockjaw), typhoid fever, tuberculosis, and diphtheria.
Spirilla - Spiral shaped.
     Treponema papillida - Causes syphilis.
     Borrelia burgdorferi - Causes Lyme disease.

Local infection: ex. pimple or abscess is confined to a particular part of the body and is indicated by a lesion containing pus.

Parasites: Organisms that grow, feed, and shelter on/in host without contribution.
Scabies:  Caused by itch mites.

Prevention
1. Cleaning
2. Disinfecting
3. Sterilization

Disinfectants must have efficacy(effectiveness) claims on label.
Quaternary ammonium compounds(Qoats) are disinfectants that are very effective when used properly but when left immersed too long can cause damage to tools.
Phenolics are powerful tuberculocidal disinfectants. Has a very high pH and can cause damage to skin and eyes and expensive as well.
Fumigants no longer used because of poisonous gas released over time.

CN2

Chapter 2: Life Skills

Humans have 5 basic needs: physical, social, emotional, mental, and spiritual.

• Self esteem: Based on inner strength and begins with trusting your ability to reach goals.
• Mission statement: Establishes the values that a business or individual lives by and sets up future goals.

Good study habits; persistence&discipline, energy&motivation, sleep&nutrition&exercise.

Diplomacy: Being tactful or straightforward, not critical.

CN1

Chapter 1: History

• Cosmetology: Art of beautifying and improving the skin, nails, and hair.
• Nail technology: Art and science of beautifying and improving the nails and skin of the hands and feet.

Ice Age

• ·         Earliest form of personal beauty that was practiced.
• ·         Implements that were used were shaped from flints, oyster shells, or bone. Hide and Sinew were used as hair ties or adornment.
• ·         Pigments were made from roots, berries, tree bark, nuts, herbs, leaves, minerals, insects, and other materials.

Egyptians

• ·         First to cultivate beauty in an extravagant fashion: used cosmetics as part of their personal beautification habits, religious ceremonies, and preparing burial for the deceased.
• ·         Used henna to stain hair and nails a rich, warm red.
• ·         Both ancient Egypt and the Roman Empire commanders stained their nails and lips before battles.
• ·         Queen Nefertiti used henna paste to stain her nails a deep red, wore lavish make up designs, and used custom blended oils for scent.
• ·         Queen Cleopatra preferred rust red nail hue, built factory next to the Dead Sea.

Chinese

• ·         Shang Dynasty: rubbed mixture to turn nails crimson or ebony.
• ·         Chou Dynasty: gold and silver nails were for royalty

Greeks

• ·         Lavish use of perfume, cosmetics in religious rites, grooming, and for medicinal purposes.
• ·         Built elaborate baths and developed excellent methods of dressing the hair, caring for skin and nails.
• ·         Women used white lead powder on face, kohl on eyes, and ground cinnabar on cheeks and lips.

Romans

• ·         Plautus, “Women without paint – food without salt”

Middle Ages

• ·         Towering headdresses, intricate hairstyles.
• ·         Colored make up only on cheeks and lips.

Renaissance

• ·         Elaborate clothing, perfumes used but make up looked down upon; “au natural”.
• ·         Still manicured nails as nail cleaners and ear scoops were found.

Victorian

• ·         Used beauty masks made from honey, eggs, milk, ect.
• ·         Bit lips, pinched cheeks, tinted nails with red oil.

Review Questions

1.       1. What were the origins of persona beautification?

Personal beautification originated around the world as early as the Ice Age.

2.      2.  Name the advancements made in nail technology during the twentieth and early twenty first centuries.

20^th:  

·         UV Gel popularity increased

·         Nail industry increased

·         Polish and enhancement increased

·         More career choices

21^st

·         Improved UV Gel

·         Improved polish resistant and lasts up to 2 weeks

·         Foot and hand treatments cont. growth

3.    3. List some of the career opportunities available to licensed nail technicians.

Manufacturer/distributor, freelance technician, instructor, product market or salon, spa, medical office/spa.